The evolution and biogeography of the austral horse fly tribe Scionini (Diptera: Tabanidae: Pangoniinae) inferred from multiple mitochondrial and nuclear genes

- The phylogenetic relationships of the horse fly tribe Scionini are unknown.
- mtDNA and nucDNA provides the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Scionini which is shown to be strongly monophyletic.
- The genus Scaptia is paraphyletic and warrants taxonomic revision.
- Divergence time estimates reveal a Gondwanan origin for the tribe.