Estimating phylogenies for species assemblages: A complete phylogeny for the past and present native birds of New Zealand

Phylogenies of species assemblages are vital to many studies of community ecology and macroecology. However, few assemblage phylogenies are currently available, and the approaches that have been used to construct them have had a number of important limitations. Here, we estimate a Bayesian posterior sample of phylogenies for all 275 known extinct and extant native birds of New Zealand. To do this, we use an approach that uses freely-available data and software, can incorporate both extinct and extant taxa, does not rely on having DNA sequence data available for all species in the assemblage, and explicitly accounts for phylogenetic uncertainty. This approach produces a set of phylogenies that describes our knowledge and uncertainty about the relationships among the NZ birds. We also present a python script, GeneFinder, which can be used to efficiently gather publicly available sequence data in order to construct a supermatrix of DNA sequences for constructing assemblage phylogenies. The approach we describe paves the way for estimating assemblage phylogenies for any species assemblage.

Highlights► A new approach for estimating phylogenies of entire species assemblages. ► The approach can incorporate taxa with and without DNA sequence data, and accounts for phylogenetic uncertainty. ► We demonstrate the approach by estimating a posterior distribution of trees for all 275 extinct and extant NZ birds.