Elucidating the evolutionary history of the Southeast Asian, holoparasitic, giant-flowered Rafflesiaceae: Pliocene vicariance, morphological convergence and character displacement

► High level of morphological homoplasy. ► Pollinator-based selection in different areas consistent with character displacement. ► About 60 million years of no apparent net diversification. ► Abrupt post-bottleneck increase in diversification rate most pronounced in Rafflesia. ► Vicariant diversification caused by L Miocene to E Pliocene rise in sea-level.