Effect of verapamil, trandolapril and their combination on vascular function and structure in essential hypertensive patients

AimThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of treatment with verapamil, trandolapril and their combination on peripheral microcirculation vasoreactivity.MethodsTwenty hypertensive patients were randomized to receive oral trandolapril (4 mg oid; TRA) or verapamil (240 mg oid; VER) for 6 months and then the combination of the two drugs for additional 6 months. At baseline, 6 months and 12 months, peripheral microcirculation vasoreactivity was evaluated by forearm blood flow technique (venous plethysmography), as vasodilation to an endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and an endothelium-independent stimulus (sodium nitroprusside, SNP); minimal forearm vascular resistances (MFVR) were also evaluated.ResultsBlood pressure decreased similarly and progressively in both groups throughout the study period. In VER, 6-month verapamil treatment significantly increased vasodilation to acetylcholine, but not to SNP. The superimposition of trandolapril increased the response to SNP, and less to acetylcholine. In TRA group, 6-month treatment with trandolapril improved the response to SNP, but not to acetylcholine. In this group, the superimposition of verapamil caused a significant improvement in the response to acetylcholine, but not to SNP. At the end of the study, MFVR were significantly reduced in both groups, but to a greater extent in TRA.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that chronic treatment with verapamil ameliorates endothelial function in the forearm microcirculation of essential hypertensive patients, while trandolapril protects microcirculation from structural alterations. The combination of the two drugs is potentially a powerful tool to counteract hypertension-related microvascular dysfunction and damage.