Impact of Periprocedural Bleeding on Incidence of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the association between contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after percutaneous coronary intervention and severity of bleeding estimated from periprocedural hemoglobin (Hb) measurement.BackgroundThe relationship between CI-AKI and bleeding in contemporary practice remains controversial.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained Japan Cardiovascular Database-Keio Interhospital Cardiovascular Studies (JCD-KICS) multicenter registry, we divided 2,646 consecutive patients into 5 groups according to the change of Hb level after compared with before percutaneous coronary intervention: patients without a decrease in Hb level (group A) and patients with a decreased Hb level: <1 g/dl (group B); 1 to <2 g/dl (group C); 2 to <3g/dl (group D); and >3 g/dl (group E). CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level ≥0.5 mg/dl or ≥25% above baseline values at 48 h after administration of contrast media. Procedure and outcome variables were compared.ResultsThe mean patient age was 67 ± 11 years. Of the 2,646 patients, CI-AKI developed in 315 (11.9%). The CI-AKI incidence was 6.2%, 7.5%, 10.7%, 17.0%, and 26.2%, in groups A through E, respectively (p < 0.01), whereas the incidence of major bleeding was 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.0%, 4.1%, and 28.3%, respectively (p < 0.01). CI-AKI was associated with higher rates of mortality (5.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.01) and of composite of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and death (16.5% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.01).ConclusionsPeriprocedural bleeding was significantly associated with CI-AKI, with CI-AKI incidence correlating with bleeding severity.