Enabling the utilization of wool as an enzyme support: Enhancing the activity and stability of lipase immobilized onto woolen cloth

► A high load, stable lipase immobilization protocol on wool was developed. ► Optimal: enzyme load, 46.6 mg g−1 dry cloth; expressed activity, 178.3 U. ► Immobilized lipase retained 81% of initial activity after 10 reuses. ► CLSM showed that enzyme was well distributed throughout the cloth. ► Immobilization mechanism was investigated with regard to zeta potential.