Temporal and spatial dynamics of blocking and ripening effects on bacterial transport through a porous system: A possible explanation for CFT deviation

The studies on transport of particles across porous systems are based on the Colloid Filtration Theory (CFT). According to CFT, the collision efficiency is constant along the system length [J.N. Ryan, M. Elimelech, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 107 (1996) 1–56]. Decreasing values of collision efficiency have been reported, a phenomenon that has been interpreted as a deviation from the CFT [X. Li, T.D. Scheibe, W.P. Johnson, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 5616–5625; N. Tufenkji, J.A. Redman, M. Elimelech, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 616–623; N. Tufenkji, M. Elimelech, Langmuir 20 (2004) 10818–10828; N. Tufenkji, M. Elimelech, Langmuir 21 (2005) 841–852]. This paper presents data on transport of Bacillus megaterium spores through quartz sand columns. The occurrence of consecutive phases of increase and decrease of the values of C/C0, the effluent spore concentration expressed as a fraction of the influent spore concentration, is reported. These patterns of change in C/C0 were interpreted as the result of the concomitant occurrence of blocking and ripening, the prevalence of these phenomena in different moments of the experiment, and the spatial distribution of the prevalence of blocking and ripening effects along the porous system. It is argued that this spatial distribution in the predominance of blocking and ripening, what leads to the intensification of ripening at the entrance of the porous system, might be a possible explanation for the reported deviation from the CFT for experimental conditions where ripening and blocking take place.