The neural basis of cognitive change: Reappraisal of emotional faces modulates neural source activity in a frontoparietal attention network

- Neural correlates of cognitive change were investigated using reappraisal of faces.
- Inverse distributed source modelling based on magnetoencephalography was applied.
- Differential processing of angry and neutral faces was enhanced via up-regulation.
- During M170 this involved parietal and during LPP-M parietal and prefrontal cortex.
- Reappraisal of faces involves modulations in a frontoparietal attention network.

Emotions can be regulated effectively via cognitive change, as evidenced by cognitive behavioural therapy. The neural correlates of cognitive change were investigated using reappraisal, a strategy that involves the reinterpretation of emotional stimuli. Hemodynamic studies revealed cortical structures involved in reappraisal and highlighted the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating subcortical affective processing. Studies using event-related potentials elucidated the timing of reappraisal by showing effective modulation of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) after 300 ms but also even earlier effects. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of the cortical network underlying cognitive change via inverse source modelling based on whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG). During MEG recording, 28 healthy participants saw angry and neutral faces and followed instructions designed to down- or up-regulate emotions via reappraisal. Differences between angry and neutral face processing were specifically enhanced during up-regulation, first in the parietal cortex during M170 and across the whole cortex during LPP-M, with particular involvement of the parietal and dorsal prefrontal cortex regions. Thus, our data suggest that the reappraisal of emotional faces involves specific modulations in a frontoparietal attention network.