Individual differences in brain structure underpin empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles in male adults

► Empathizing (E)-Systemizing (S) discrepancy differentiates human cognitive styles. ► We investigate the brain structural basis for 'E-S discrepancy' in adult males. ► S > E profile is related to larger cingulate and dorsal medial prefrontal structures. ► E > S profile is related to larger hypothalamus and ventral basal ganglia. ► E-S discrepancy is reflected by distinct individual differences in brain structure.