The variation of function across the human insula mirrors its patterns of structural connectivity: Evidence from in vivo probabilistic tractography

► The human insula is a functionally complex yet poorly understood cortical region. ► Explored structural connectivity of the human insula via probabilistic tractography. ► Identified two insular networks connected via a dual route architecture. ► Anterior insula forms part of emotional salience and cognitive control network. ► Posterior-middle insula associated with sensorimotor mapping and language production.