Track density imaging (TDI): Validation of super resolution property

We have recently introduced a novel MRI methodology, so-called super resolution track-density imaging (TDI), which produces high-quality white matter images, with high spatial resolution and exquisite anatomical contrast not available from other MRI modalities. This method achieves super resolution by utilising the long-range information contained in the diffusion MRI fibre tracks. In this study, we validate the super resolution property of the TDI method by using in vivo diffusion MRI data acquired at ultra-high magnetic field strength (7 T), and in silico diffusion MRI data from a well-characterised numerical phantom. Furthermore, an alternative version of the TDI technique is described, which mitigates the track length weighting of the TDI map intensity. For the in vivo data, high-resolution diffusion images were down-sampled to simulate low-resolution data, for which the high-resolution images serve as a gold standard. For the in silico data, the gold standard is given by the known simulated structures of the numerical phantom. Both the in vivo and in silico data show that the structures that could be identified in the TDI maps only after using super resolution were consistent with the corresponding structures identified in the reference maps. This supports the claim that the structures identified by the super resolution step are accurate, thus providing further evidence for the important potential role of the super resolution TDI methodology in neuroscience.

Graphical Abstract299Research Highlights► Track density imaging (TDI): method recently introduced to gain spatial resolution. ► We validate the super resolution properties of TDI using in vivo and in silico data. ► Alternative TDI method is also described to mitigate the track-length dependence. ► Structures identified with super resolution were consistent with reference maps. ► This provides further evidence for role of super resolution TDI in neuroscience.