Applied nutritional investigationAngiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and food-intake behavior in young, normal female subjects in Japan

ObjectiveWe examined whether angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with food preferences in young, normal female subjects.MethodsFifty-two young, normal female subjects (21-22 y old) were recruited. After a 12-h fast, blood samples were obtained to examine the AGT gene polymorphisms (rs699 and rs7079), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D), and adrenergic β3 receptor (ADRB3) gene polymorphisms (rs4994). A trained dietitian interviewed the participants to determine the portion size and frequency of food eaten for 1 wk by using the established questionnaire FFQg 3.0.ResultsThe genotypes of the AGT Met235Thr polymorphisms were TT:TC:CC = 2:19:31 (T:C = 0.22:0.78). The genotypes of AGT rs7079 were CC:CA:AA = 26:21:5 (C:A = 0.70:0.30), and those of ACE were DD:DI:II = 5:28:19 (D/I = 0.37:0.63). The genotypes of ADRB3 Trp64Arg were TT:TC:CC = 38:11:3 (T:C = 0.84:0.16). The total caloric intake was greater for those with the MM/MT genotype of AGT Met235Thr than for those with the TT genotype (1993 versus 1698 kcal/d, P < 0.05). The consumption of total lipids, cholesterol, and unsaturated free fatty acids was also higher in those with the MM/MT genotype of AGT Met235Thr than in those with the TT genotype. However, the AGT polymorphism (rs7079) and the ACE I/D were not associated with food preferences. In contrast, the subjects with ADRB3 Trp64 tended to show a high energy intake and preferences for proteins and lipids including fatty acids and cholesterol. They ate more fish and meat. Multiple regression analysis showed that the energy intake in subjects with the MM/MT genotype was independently determined by total lipids (B = 11.7, P < 0.0001) and carbohydrates (B = 4.6, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe AGT Met235Thr polymorphism was significantly associated with a higher caloric intake owing to total fat and carbohydrate consumption.