Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp): do frequent antenatal care visits ensure access and compliance to IPTp in Ugandan rural communities?

The relationship between antenatal care (ANC) visits and coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and barriers to IPTp-SP access were examined. Four hundred and fifty-three women who had given birth during the study period were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Of these, 425 (93.8%) attended ANC at least once, but only 90 (21.2%) made four or more visits. Primigravidae 25 (29.8%) were more likely than multigravidae 65 (17.6%) to make more than four visits (P = 0.012). Only 237 (52.3%) women accessed two or more doses of IPT-SP, which increased with the number of ANC visits (X2 for linear trends, 117.7, P < 0.001). However, 131 (28.9%) women made two or more ANC visits, which were sufficient for them to access two or more doses of IPTp-SP, but they did not. The main reasons were: not given SP by the midwife for unknown reasons 36 (27.5%), SP stock-outs 34 (26%) and irregular ANC attendance 18 (13.7%). Frequent ANC visits do not seem to ensure access to IPTp-SP in the presence of other barriers. The Roll Back Malaria target of 80% of women accessing two or more doses of IPTp-SP by 2010 appears unachievable unless alternative channels of delivery are found.