Decreased medial frontal gyrus in patients with adjustment disorder

- Medial frontal gyrus was decreased in adjustment disorder.
- There were no brain regions were decreased in healthy controls.
- Prefrontal cortex function may be necessary for adaptation to stressful situations.

BackgroundsAdjustment disorder is a frequent mental illness that occurs under various stressful situations. Whereas adjustment disorder has distinct clinical manifestations and diagnostic entity, few studies have investigated its underlying neural substrate. This study aimed to identify brain structural abnormalities among patients with adjustment disorder.MethodsTwenty-five patients with adjustment disorder and 25 healthy controls participated in the study. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and a voxel-based morphometry was applied. Family-wise error-corrected p values for statistical analysis of comparative gray matters between patients with adjustment disorder and healthy controls were used.ResultsPatients with adjustment disorder had decreased gray matter volume in the right medial frontal gyrus as compared to healthy controls. There were no brain regions that were decreased in the healthy controls as compared to patients with adjustment disorder.LimitationsThis study was a cross-sectional design.ConclusionsOur results suggest that adjustment disorder arises from characteristic neural abnormalities, contrary to previous notions suggesting that adjustment disorder is a non-specific and/or residual diagnostic term. Moreover, future studies should examine the underlying neural substrates responsible for successful adaptation to unfamiliar and stressful situations.