Multi-objective optimization of solar Rankine cycles coupled with reverse osmosis desalination considering economic and life cycle environmental concerns

► A solar assisted Rankine cycle coupled with a reverse osmosis desalination unit is considered. ► Simultaneous minimization of total cost and environmental impact is implemented. ► Pareto front of optimal solutions is obtained and different designs of the systems are compared. ► Coupling of solar collectors with reverse osmosis is shown to be economically viable. ► The CO2 emissions can be cut down by 2.1 million ton for over 20 years.