Development of a three-stage system for the treatment and reclamation of wastewater containing nano-scale particles

►A three-stage pre-treatment system has been developed to remove the nano-scale particle. ►The system contains coagulation/flocculation followed by sand filtration and ultra filtration. ►More than 99% of turbidity and nano-particles could be removed with the application of this system. ►Results from this study will be helpful in designing a scale-up system for practical application.