Electrodialysis, a mature technology with a multitude of new applications

In this paper the principle of electrodialysis is described and its advantages and limitations in various applications are pointed out. More recent developments in electrodialysis as well as in related processes such as electrodialytic water dissociation or continuous electrodeionization are discussed and their present and potential future applications are indicated. Research needs for a sustainable growth of electrodialysis and related processes are pointed out.