Fluoride removal from groundwater by nanofiltration

The fluoride content in many regions of Morocco greatly exceeds the acceptable standards. The beneficial or harmful effects of fluorides on teeth and skeleton depending on their concentration have been widely studied. Fluoride removal operations were conduced on underground water using a nanofiltration pilot plant with two modules. The performances of two commercial spiral membranes were proved. The influence of various experimental parameters such as initial fluoride content, pressure and volume reduction factor were studied.