ReviewEngineering therapies in the CNS: What works and what can be translated

Engineering is the art of taking what we know and using it to solve problems. As engineers, we build tool chests of approaches; we attempt to learn as much as possible about the problem at hand, and then we design, build, and test our approaches to see how they impact the system. The challenge of applying this approach to the central nervous system (CNS) is that we often do not know the details of what is needed from the biological side. New therapeutic options for treating the CNS range from new biomaterials to make scaffolds, to novel drug-delivery techniques, to functional electrical stimulation. However, the reality is that translating these new therapies and making them widely available to patients requires collaborations between scientists, engineers, clinicians, and patients to have the greatest chance of success. Here we discuss a variety of new treatment strategies and explore the pragmatic challenges involved with engineering therapies in the CNS.

► We examine the pragmatic challenges associated with engineering therapies to CNS disorders. ► We discuss the benefits and challenges of various scaffolds for CNS repair. ► We discuss the benefits and challenges of drug delivery to the CNS. ► We discuss functional electrical stimulation's role in CNS therapy and rehabilitation. ► Simple solutions lend themselves to translation, but the complex CNS may not be amenable to simple.