Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: Probabilistic characterisation of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada

► There are significant species differences in sensitivity to rodenticides (SGARs). ► Likelihood of toxicosis is below previously suggested liver concentrations. ► In Canada, great horned owls are exposed to SGARs to a greater extent. ► Great horned owls had significantly higher SGAR liver residues. ► 11% of the great horned owl population sampled is at risk of dying from SGARs.