Impacts of management alternatives on rice yield and nitrogen losses to the environment: A case study in rural Sri Lanka

DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model results of rice yield, nitrogen (N) leaching, and N2O emissions at different fertilizer application rates and irrigation methods over a year in Sri Lanka. A fertilizer application of 225 kg N/ha under a continuously-flooded regime produced the maximum yield - near 9000 kg C/ha - and minimized negative environmental impacts (shaded).210