کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6326645 | 1619760 | 2015 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
- Emission of climbazole in the whole China was estimated based on market research data.
- Level-III fugacity model used to predict the fate of this chemical at the basin scale
- The mass inventory in the whole China: 294Â t, with 6.79% in water and 83.7% in sediment
- High aquatic risks posed by climbazole expected in 2 out of 58 basins in China
Climbazole is an antidandruff active ingredient commonly used in personal care products, but little is known about its environmental fate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of climbazole in water, sediment, soil and air compartments of the whole China by using a level III multimedia fugacity model. The usage of climbazole was calculated to be 345Â t in the whole China according to the market research data, and after wastewater treatment a total emission of 245Â t was discharged into the receiving environment with approximately 93% into the water compartment and 7% into the soil compartment. The developed fugacity model was successfully applied to estimate the contamination levels and mass inventories of climbazole in various environmental compartments of the river basins in China. The predicted environmental concentration ranges of climbazole were: 0.20-367Â ng/L in water, and 0.009-25.2Â ng/g dry weight in sediment. The highest concentration was mainly found in Haihe River basin and the lowest was in basins of Tibet and Xinjiang regions. The mass inventory of climbazole in the whole China was estimated to be 294Â t, with 6.79% in water, 83.7% in sediment, 9.49% in soil, and 0.002% in air. Preliminary risk assessment showed high risks in sediment posed by climbazole in 2 out of 58 basins in China. The medium risks in water and sediment were mostly concentrated in north China. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the emissions and multimedia fate of climbazole in the river basins of the whole China.
Journal: Science of The Total Environment - Volume 520, 1 July 2015, Pages 39-48