Human adenovirus removal by hollow fiber membranes: Effect of membrane fouling by suspended and dissolved matter

• Adenovirus removal from deionized (DI) water is less than 2.5 log even for 0.04 µm membranes.
• Particulate foulants alone decrease virus removal by 0.04 µm and 0.22 µm membranes.
• Humic acid alone increases virus removal by 0.04 µm and 0.22 µm membranes.
• Cake formation can increase or decrease virus removal depending on cake properties.
• Fouling affects virus removal via pore blockage and cake-enhanced ΔCvirusΔCvirus.

In this study, we evaluated removal of human adenovirus 40 by hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF, dporedpore=0.04 μm) and microfiltration (MF1, dporedpore=0.22 μm; MF2, dporedpore=0.45 μm) membranes in the presence of suspended and dissolved foulants: SiO2 microspheres and Aldrich humic acid (HA). Average removal of adenovirus from DI water by UF, MF1 and MF2 membranes was 2.3 log, 0.7 log and 0.7 log, respectively. The observed decrease in adenovirus removal due to SiO2 fouling (δLRV of −1.2 and −0.2 for UF and MF1 respectively) was attributed to the cake-enhanced accumulation of viruses at the membrane surface. In contrast, fouling by HA led to higher virus removals (δLRV of 0.8 and 1.2 for UF and MF1, respectively), which was attributed to pore blockage by HA. In experiments with MF2 membrane, neither HA nor SiO2 had significant effects on adenovirus removal. The results indicate that the extent of fouling is not a reliable predictor of adenovirus removal. Instead, feed water composition and membrane pore size together govern virus removal with fouling mechanisms playing a mediating role: pore blockage improves removal while cake formation can either increase or decrease removal depending on cake properties.

Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (202 K)Download as PowerPoint slide