A comparative study of ultrasonication, Fenton's oxidation and ferro-sonication treatment for degradation of carbamazepine from wastewater and toxicity test by Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay

► A comparison of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of a persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine ► Fenton's oxidation leads to higher production of hydroxyl radicals resulting higher removal of carbamazepine. ► All the three advanced oxidation processes produce two oxidation by-products, epoxycarbamazepine and hydroxycarbamazepine. ► The Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay results showed that pre-treated wastewater using carbamazepine were not estrogenic.