Characteristics of typical non-road machinery emissions in China by using portable emission measurement system

► Gaseous and PM emissions of 12 excavators and 8 wheel loaders were measured using PEMS. ► Time-based and fuel-based emission factors for idling, moving and working operating modes were acquired. ► Results showed that equipment with longer accumulated engine hours typically emitted higher levels of both HC and NOx. ► Fuel-based emission factors of the wheel loaders were higher than those of the excavators for the working mode. ► Compared with previous study, construction equipment in China had higher emissions on mostly pollutants for the working mode.