The relationship between urban combined traffic noise and annoyance: An investigation in Dalian, north of China

► The influence of combined traffic noise on urban residents was investigated. ► Day-night equivalent noise level was measured and identified. ► The percentage of highly annoyed persons at different day-night equivalent noise level was determined. ► The percentage of highly annoyed persons at different distances from the traffic artery was analyzed. ► Some original proposals of planning traffic arteries were put forward.