Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Rizhao coastal area (China) using diagnostic ratios and factor analysis with nonnegative constraints

► Sources of PAHs were apportioned combining diagnostic ratios with FA-NNC. ► Literature PAH source profiles were modified based on the first-order degradation reaction. ► Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the uncertainties of FA-NNC model. ► Energy consumption was apportioned as the main source of PAHs in the study area.