کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6337742 | 1620354 | 2015 | 42 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation from the exhaust of a flex-fuel (ethanol) vehicle
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
انتشار اولیه و تشکیل آیرزول آرگون ثانویه از اگزوز خودروی سوختی (اتانول)
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کلمات کلیدی
پتانسیل تشکیل اوزون، آرسنیک آلی متوسط، استالدئید، کربنایل، انتشار غیر قابل تنظیم، طیف سنجی جرمی آئروسل،
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
علوم زمین و سیارات
علم هواشناسی
چکیده انگلیسی
Incentives to use biofuels may result in increasing vehicular emissions of compounds detrimental to air quality. Therefore, regulated and unregulated emissions from a Euro 5a flex-fuel vehicle, tested using E85 and E75 blends (gasoline containing 85% and 75% of ethanol (vol/vol), respectively), were investigated at 22 and â7 °C over the New European Driving Cycle, at the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. Vehicle exhaust was comprehensively analyzed at the tailpipe and in a dilution tunnel. A fraction of the exhaust was injected into a mobile smog chamber to study the photochemical aging of the mixture. We found that emissions from a flex-fuel vehicle, fueled by E85 and E75, led to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, despite the low aromatic content of these fuel blends. Emissions of regulated and unregulated compounds, as well as emissions of black carbon (BC) and primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA formation were higher at â7 °C. The flex-fuel unregulated emissions, mainly composed of ethanol and acetaldehyde, resulted in very high ozone formation potential and SOA, especially at low temperature (860 mg O3 kmâ1 and up to 38 mg C kgâ1). After an OH exposure of 10 Ã 106 cmâ3 h, SOA mass was, on average, 3 times larger than total primary particle mass emissions (BC + POA) with a high O:C ratio (up to 0.7 and 0.5 at 22 and â7 °C, respectively) typical of highly oxidized mixtures. Furthermore, high resolution organic mass spectra showed high 44/43 ratios (ratio of the ions m/z 44 and m/z 43) characteristic of low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol. We also hypothesize that SOA formation from vehicular emissions could be due to oxidation products of ethanol and acetaldehyde, both short-chain oxygenated VOCs, e.g. methylglyoxal and acetic acid, and not only from aromatic compounds.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Atmospheric Environment - Volume 117, September 2015, Pages 200-211
Journal: Atmospheric Environment - Volume 117, September 2015, Pages 200-211
نویسندگان
R. Suarez-Bertoa, A.A. Zardini, S.M. Platt, S. Hellebust, S.M. Pieber, I. El Haddad, B. Temime-Roussel, U. Baltensperger, N. Marchand, A.S.H. Prévôt, C. Astorga,