Tree species classification and estimation of stem volume and DBH based on single tree extraction by exploiting airborne full-waveform LiDAR data

► Trees are detected from full-waveform LiDAR data by normalized cut segmentation. ► Essential features describing physical and 3D geometry of single trees are derived. ► The defined features yield an accuracy of up to 95% for species classification. ► Stem volume and DBH can be estimated with a relative RMSE of down to16% and 9%.