Constraints on carbon accumulation rate and net primary production in the Lopingian (Late Permian) tropical peatland in SW China

► Milankovitch cycles in Lopingian coals are recognized by geophysical logs. ► The lifetime of coal-forming peatland is calculated based on the Milankovitch cycles. ► The carbon accumulation rate of the Lopingian peatland was 61.1-73.0 g C/m2/yr. ► The NPP of the Lopingian peatland was corresponding to 611-1460 g C/m2/yr. ► The productivity was mainly controlled by atmospheric O2 & CO2 levels