Phosphorus recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

► MSW incineration ash is investigated as possible source of phosphorus (P). ► Acidic leaching-precipitation (I) and acidic-alkaline leaching (II) are applied. ► Method I resulted in 70% recovery. The metal content may hinder direct application. ► Method II resulted in low recovery. More pure P product can be obtained. ► Phosphorus from MSWI residues can meet 30% of P demand in Sweden and 10% for the EU.