Use of Particle Imaging Velocimetry to measure liquid velocity profiles in liquid and liquid/gas flows through spacer filled channels

▶ Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) is a powerful tool to study liquid and liquid-gas flow in spacer filled channels. ▶ Fluid flow aligns with with the spacer filaments. ▶ CFD calculations for diamond type spacers on fluid flow patterns are experimentally validated using PIV. ▶ Bubbles increase unsteadiness of liquid flow thereby decreasing concentration polarization and fouling tendencies.