The yield, composition and hydrodistillation kinetics of the essential oil of dill seeds (Anethi fructus) obtained by different hydrodistillation techniques

- Dill oil yield and composition depend on the used hydrodistillation technique.
- An initial fast and a slower stages of dill oil distillation kinetics exist.
- The optimal technique for maximal essential oil yield was defined.
- Carvone was found to be the major constituents of the oils from all techniques.