Diagnostics of isopycnal mixing in a circumpolar channel

- We examine lateral mixing in an idealized model which resembles the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
- Diffusivities are computed for passive and active tracers, including potential vorticity and buoyancy.
- Diffusivities are also estimated from simulated float and tracerrelease experiments.
- The disparate methods agree, showing a strong mid-depth maximum in isopycnal mixing.
- The isopycnal mixing rate is not the same as the Gent-McWilliams transfer coefficient.

Mesoscale eddies mix tracers along isopycnals and horizontally at the sea surface. This paper compares different methods of diagnosing eddy mixing rates in an idealized, eddy-resolving model of a channel flow meant to resemble the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The first set of methods, the “perfect” diagnostics, are techniques suitable only to numerical models, in which detailed synoptic data is available. The perfect diagnostic include flux-gradient diffusivities of buoyancy, QGPV, and Ertel PV; Nakamura effective diffusivity; and the four-element diffusivity tensor calculated from an ensemble of passive tracers. These diagnostics reveal a consistent picture of isopycnal mixing by eddies, with a pronounced maximum near 1000 m depth. The isopycnal diffusivity differs from the buoyancy diffusivity, a.k.a. the Gent-McWilliams transfer coefficient, which is weaker and peaks near the surface and bottom. The second set of methods are observationally “practical” diagnostics. They involve monitoring the spreading of tracers or Lagrangian particles in ways that are plausible in the field. We show how, with sufficient ensemble size, the practical diagnostics agree with the perfect diagnostics in an average sense. Some implications for eddy parameterization are discussed.