Possible influence of subducting ridges on the Himalayan arc and on the ruptures of great and major Himalayan earthquakes

►Subsurface ridges under the Indo-Gangetic plains delimit ruptures of Himalayan earthquakes. ►The ridges control the rupture extent and hence the magnitude of future earthquakes in the Himalaya. ►Himalayan arc evolved by interaction of the two prominent ridges or hotspot traces.