Spray characteristics and liquid distribution of multi-hole effervescent atomisers for industrial burners

- The multi-hole (mh) spray morphology is very similar to that of single-hole nozzles.
- Unsteady spray was found at low pressure and low gas-to-liquid-ratio (GLR) values.
- Cone angle variation in mh spray with pressure and GLR depends on the exit nozzles angle.
- A liquid-gas gravitational separation in horizontal atomiser operation was observed.
- It causes up to 70% fuel supply variance into exit holes depending on design and regime.