Status of market, regulation and research of genetically modified crops in Chile

- Chile is a key global player for field test and counter-season production of GM seeds.
- GM seed activities must comply with a strict regulatory framework in Chile.
- Regulation for GM seed domestic purposes is ambiguous and incomplete.
- Lack of clear regulations leads Chilean farmers not to use GM crops.
- Chile has invested considerable resources to promote R&D on GM crops.
- This study analyses the regulatory framework, R&D and marketing of GM crops in Chile.

Agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) crops are effective tools to substantially increase productivity, quality, and environmental sustainability in agricultural farming. Furthermore, they may contribute to improving the nutritional content of crops, addressing needs related to public health. Chile has become one of the most important global players for GM seed production for counter-season markets and research purposes. It has a comprehensive regulatory framework to carry out this activity, while at the same time there are numerous regulations from different agencies addressing several aspects related to GM crops. Despite imports of GM food/feed or ingredients for the food industry being allowed without restrictions, Chilean farmers are not using GM seeds for farming purposes because of a lack of clear guidelines. Chile is in a rather contradictory situation about GM crops. The country has invested considerable resources to fund research and development on GM crops, but the lack of clarity in the current regulatory situation precludes the use of such research to develop new products for Chilean farmers. Meanwhile, a larger scientific capacity regarding GM crop research continues to build up in the country. The present study maps and analyses the current regulatory environment for research and production of GM crops in Chile, providing an updated overview of the current status of GM seeds production, research and regulatory issues.