Quantification of liquid products from the electroreduction of CO2 and CO using static headspace-gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

- Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) useful for ex-situ liquid product analysis.
- Could complement high-performance liquid chromatography and NMR spectroscopy.
- Particularly high sensitivity towards compounds with high vapor pressure.
- Detection limits below 0.5 μM were shown for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde.
- Cannot detect protonated compounds such as formate and acetate.

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