کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
6462293 1421972 2017 6 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Determination of GHB and GHB-β-O-glucuronide in hair of three narcoleptic patients-Comparison between single and chronic GHB exposure
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه شیمی شیمی آنالیزی یا شیمی تجزیه
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Determination of GHB and GHB-β-O-glucuronide in hair of three narcoleptic patients-Comparison between single and chronic GHB exposure
چکیده انگلیسی


- Case report of three narcoleptic patients, who have therapeutically taken GHB, by hair analysis.
- Comparison between single and chronic GHB exposure on the basis of GHB and GHB-glucuronide concentrations in hair.
- Single GHB exposure and chronical GHB intake were not revealed by hair analysis of GHB and GHB-glucuronide.

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) can be used as a knock-out drug in drug facilitated crime (DFC). Due to its rapid metabolism and resulting narrow detection window, uncovering GHB use in DFC still constitutes a problem. In this experiment we determined the GHB and GHB-β-O-glucuronide (GHB-Gluc) concentrations in hair samples after single and chronic GHB exposures. Hair samples of three narcoleptic patients therapeutically taking sodium oxybate (GHB-sodium-salt) were collected. Patients 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) took the medication for nine and six years, respectively. P1 took daily the pharmaceutical Xyrem® in a total dose of 5.78 g GHB at bed time (2.89 g) and four hours (2.89 g) later. P2 took a dose of 3.10 g GHB at bed time and an additional dose of 2.68 g GHB four hours later. Patient 3 (P3) was newly diagnosed with narcolepsy and started his therapy with oral dose of 6 g (divided in three portions of 2 g GHB) within 24 h. The hair samples were extracted both with and without forerunning washing steps. GHB and GHB-Gluc were determined by a published ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using GHB-d6 and GHB-Gluc-d4 as internal standards. GHB and GHB-Gluc concentrations in unwashed hair samples of P1 and P2 were determined in a range of 0.56-1.30 ng/mg and <0.48-0.85 ng/mg, respectively. In washed hair samples of P1 and P2 the concentrations were in a range of <0.32-0.68 ng/mg and <0.48-1.20 ng/mg for GHB and GHB-Gluc, respectively. The determined concentrations were within the published endogenous range. The confirmed results showed that the washing procedure before extraction causes a minor decrease of GHB concentrations in hair (difference: <1 ng/mg). The investigations showed that a single GHB exposure might not be determined by hair analysis of GHB and GHB-Gluc. The chronical intake of therapeutic sodium oxybate with doses up to 7 g per night was also not confirmed by hair analysis maybe due to hair treatments. Therefore, GHB hair analysis should be assessed critically and determined negative results could not exclude GHB exposures.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Forensic Science International - Volume 278, September 2017, Pages e8-e13
نویسندگان
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