Surface characteristics and CO2 adsorption capacities of acid-activated zeolite 13X prepared from palm oil mill fly ash

- Zeolite 13X was synthesized from palm fly ash by alkaline fusion.
- An optimal fusion temperature was 600 °C for 60 min.
- Acid activation with 2 M HCl increased micropore surface area from 353 to 450 m2/g.
- Acid activation (6 M HCl/4 h) increased pore volume from 0.294 to 0.920 cm3/g.
- CO2 adsorption on the zeolite depended on pore volume more than surface area.

Zeolite 13X was synthesized from palm oil mill fly ash (POMFA) using an alkaline fusion method. A zeolite 13X yield of 85% was obtained at a mass ratio of NaOH/(SiO2 and Al2O3 precursors) of 1.6, a fusion temperature of 600 °C and a fusion time of 60 min. Acid activation was performed on the zeolite 13X product in order to enhance its CO2 adsorption capacity. Acid activation with 4-8 M HCl for 4 h produced a marked increase in the mesopore and total pore volumes of the zeolite 13X. This increased mesopore volume resulted in CO2 adsorption capacities of the acid-activated zeolite 13X at 6 M HCl for 4 h that were 22% higher than those of the unactivated zeolite 13X and 11% higher than those of the commercial zeolite 13X. The CO2 adsorption capacity obtained was 6.42 mol CO2/kg at a pressure of 403 kPa and a temperature of 32 °C.

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