The role of ROS generation from magnetic nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field on cytotoxicity

(a) Targeted magnetic nanoparticles bind to cell surface and are internalized into lysosomes. (b) AMF activation induces lysosomal permeability triggering cellular death. (c) Nanoparticle coating inhibits Fenton-like chemistry indicating a thermal or mechanical effect causes the lysosomal disruption.265