Energy end-use model of paper manufacturing in the US

This paper models the combined energy end-use for the four major energy consuming subsectors of paper industry in the US. The model allocates combustible fuel and renewable energy inputs among generic end-uses including intermediate conversions through onsite power and steam generation. The methodology is described in detail for paper mills—except newsprint, which is the single biggest energy consumer among the four subsectors. The model is presented in the form of a graphical depiction of energy flows. This model can serve as the key to create energy process-step models for paper and allied products. The approach is applicable to all other industries and is consistent with the US Department of Energy data for 1998, which is the most recent available data. When used in conjunction with similar models for other years, it can be used to identify the changes in energy utilization.