Synthesis of γ-valerolactone by hydrogenation of levulinic acid over supported nickel catalysts

- Ni particles supported on alumina for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA).
- High conversion to γ-valerolactone under solvent free conditions.
- Side reactions of LA with alcohols lower at higher reaction pressure.
- High yields and 100% selectivity in aqueous medium.