Carbon deposition and gasification kinetics of used lanthanide-promoted Co-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts from CH4 dry reforming

► Catalyst carbon resistance was improved by lanthanide (Ce, Pr, Sm) oxide promotion. ► Carbon deposition rate dropped with temperature within 923-1023 K in all catalysts. ► Carbon deposition rate reaction orders linearly correlated with acid:basic site ratio. ► Gasification kinetics adequately captured by geometrical contracting volume model. ► Complete carbon removal was achieved by either TPR-TPO-TPR or TPO-TPR.