Synthesis and characterization of phosphate anchored MnO2 catalyzed solvent free synthesis of xanthene laser dyes

• P-MnO2 catalyst was used in the synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene and 14-aryl(alkyl)-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene laser dye derivatives.
• P-MnO2 catalyst has higher activity and selectivity than commercial MnO2 and MnO2–AcCl.
• Reactions could be carried out under solvent free reaction conditions.
• A plausible mechanism for the synthesis of xanthenes is presented.

A highly stable and environmentally benign phosphate anchored MnO2 (P-MnO2) catalyst has been prepared. The catalyst has been characterized by using TGA, FTIR, Raman, XRD, UV-DRS, XPS, FESEM, and EDAX techniques. The catalytic behavior of P-MnO2 has been demonstrated for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene and 14-aryl (alkyl)-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene laser dye derivatives under solvent free conditions. Recyclability, high yield, short reaction time, relative non-toxicity and easy workup are the advantages of the presented catalyst.

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