Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract and their catalytic applications as magnetically recoverable and stable recyclable catalysts for the phosphine-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions

• Green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb.
• Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions of different aryl halides.
• Catalyst was characterized using the powder XRD, SEM, EDS and UV–vis.
• Catalyst can be easily recovered by using a magnet and reused.

This work reports on the green synthesis of Pd/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Euphorbia condylocarpa M. bieb root extract as reducing agents and stabilizers and their catalytic applications in ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reactions. This method has such advantages as high yields, simple methodology and easy work up. In addition, the catalyst can be recovered by using a magnet and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. The catalyst was characterized using UV–vis, powder XRD, SEM and EDS techniques.

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