DDQ as an effective p-type dopant for the hole-transport material X1 and its application in stable solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

As shown in the figure above, the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DDQ-doped solid-state solar cell was improved to 4.3% under 100 mW cm-2 AM 1.5 G simulated illumination, while the PCE of the pristine device was 2.9%.84