Optical and laser diagnostic investigation of flame stabilization in a novel, ultra-lean, non-premixed model GT burner

The flame dynamics and stabilization mechanism in a novel, ultra-lean, non-premixed, model GT burner is experimentally investigated with optical and laser diagnostics. The burner operating with methane as fuel exhibits a convergent-divergent flow field and is capable of stabilizing a non-sooty flame at ultra-low global equivalence ratio (ϕglob) down to 0.1. At 1.0 > ϕglob > 0.6, the flame stabilizes in the diverging section where the flow field is characterized predominantly by the swirl. The flame stabilizes at locations of low velocity and low turbulence where the mean flow strain rates are found to be well below the extinctions strain rates for turbulent non-premixed flames. With decreasing ϕglob, the flame is located progressively near the burner lip, where a large recirculation zone of the central bluff body in the burner exists. The transition from swirl stabilized to bluffbody stabilized region occurs between 0.6 > ϕglob > 0.4 and bi-stability of the flame with low-frequency oscillation between the two stabilization locations was observed. The upstream marching of the flame, despite a decreasing ϕglob, and a corresponding decrease in heat input, is explained in terms of the interaction of the flame front with the evolution of the scalar profile upstream, in presence of the recirculating hot gases. The results support flame stabilization theories based on partial premixing and flow modification through heat release upstream of the flame. For the leaner conditions, 0.4 > ϕglob > 0.1, the flame is stabilizing in a region characterized by bluffbody induced toroidal flow structures of high strain rates, where the presence of recirculating hot burned gases aid in flame stabilization by the ignition of flammable mixture.