Kinetic and thermodynamic measurements of the reactions of the positive ions, Mn+ and MnOH+, formed by adding manganese to fuel-rich flames of either H2 + O2 or C2H2 + O2

In flames of C2H2, their significant natural ionisation was transferred to the metallic additive by: H3O+ + MnO → MnOH+ + H2O and also H3O+ + Mn → Mn+
- H2O + H, followed by Mn+
- H2O → Mn+ + H2O. These processes led to the level of ionisation early in a hydrocarbon flame being well above that for equilibrium, which was approached by ions recombining in MnOH+ + e− → MnO + H or Mn + OH, as well as in the three-body reaction: Mn+ + e− + M → Mn + M. Recombination coefficients were measured for these processes, as well as for MnOH+ + Cl− → Mn + OH + Cl and Mn+ + Cl− + M → Mn + Cl + M.