Surface effects in flow boiling of R134a in microtubes

The inner surfaces of microtubes may be influenced strongly by the process of making them due to manufacturing difficulties at these scales compared to larger ones, e.g. the surface characteristics of a seamless cold drawn tube may differ from those of a welded tube. Accordingly, flow boiling heat transfer characteristics may vary. In addition, there is no common agreement between researchers on the criteria of selecting tubes for flow boiling experiments. Instead, tubes are usually ordered from commercial suppliers, in many cases without taking into consideration the manufacturing method and its effect on the heat transfer process. This may explain some of the discrepancies in heat transfer characteristics which are found in the open literature. This paper presents a comparison between experimental flow boiling heat transfer results obtained using two different metallic tubes. The first one is a seamless cold drawn stainless steel tube of 1.1 mm inner diameter while the second is a welded stainless steel tube of 1.16 mm inner diameter. Both tubes have a heated length of 150 mm and the flow direction is vertically upwards. The tubes were heated using DC current. Other experimental conditions include: 8 bar system pressure, 300 kg/m2 s mass flux, about 5 K inlet sub-cooling and up to 0.9 exit quality. The results are presented in the form of local heat transfer coefficient versus local quality and axial distance. Also, the boiling curves of the two tubes are discussed. The results show a significant effect of tube inner surface morphology on the heat transfer characteristics.